Which term describes the movement of personal data across national borders?

The term that describes the movement of personal data across national borders is "cross-border data transfer." This concept is crucial in the context of privacy laws and regulations, as different countries have varying laws regarding data protection and privacy. Understanding cross-border data transfer is essential for organizations that operate internationally or handle the data of individuals from different jurisdictions since they must ensure compliance with the relevant legal frameworks governing the transfer of personal data. This includes adhering to regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, which places strict restrictions on how personal data can be shared outside of the EU.

The other terms do not accurately represent the concept of transferring personal data between countries. Domestic data transfer typically refers to data movement within a single country, cross-functional data transfer is not a recognized term in data privacy, and vertical data transfer generally relates to data movement in a hierarchy (for instance, within an organization) rather than between different jurisdictions.